抢险救灾非战争军事行动中应急资源调度网络的优化方法

抢险救灾非战争军事行动包括道路抢修和物资运输等任务,而这两类任务在灾后应急资源调度中存在关联性的影响,且面临路网结构可变及需求随机模糊等挑战,对此,提出了一种非确定性应急资源调度网络双层规划模型,设计了基于蒙特卡洛方法与遗传算法耦合的智能启发式求解策略.通过对典型情境下应急资源调度案例进行分析建模和数值求解,说明了该模型和算法的合理性和有效性.     

解析法区域覆盖卫星星座设计

对典型卫星星座进行了分析。使用解析方法,以卫星载荷的工作高度范围为约束条件,以有效利用卫星覆盖区域为原则,给出设计区域覆盖卫星星座的详细步骤,得出卫星轨道根数和星座轨道参数。利用卫星工具包(STK)生成卫星星座图。     

多层卫星通信网络结构设计与分析

针对单层卫星网络时延高、网络阻塞概率大等问题,研究了多层卫星网络的系统结构及其特点。结合不同轨道卫星特点,引入分层卫星网络结构,采用Walker和极轨星座覆盖带设计法,设计了多层卫星网络星座。采用"弱连接"模型作为星际链路建立的基本原则,并对星座的覆盖性能和星际链路特性进行了仿真分析,结果表明,多层卫星网络在覆盖特性和星际链路性能上更具优势。     

基于预警时间窗口的空天反导预警体系构建

如何构建一个完善的反导预警体系并确保反导预警时间充足是当前的一个研究热点,创新性地应用反导预警时间窗口分析各类预警系统的性能,并为反导预警体系构建给出相关决策依据。首先结合预警时间窗口的概念,给出天基支援下预警时间窗口的数学描述;然后,建立了反导预警过程中攻防双方的数学模型及仿真方法;接着,对反导预警时间窗口的计算进行了具体分析;最后,结合具体仿真实例,分析了天基预警卫星对反导预警时间窗口的扩展作用,得出了一些较为实用的结论。     

Optimization of schedule stability and efficiency under processing time variability and random machine breakdowns in a job shop environment

The ability to cope with uncertainty in dynamic scheduling environments is becoming an increasingly important issue. In such environments, any disruption in the production schedule will translate into a disturbance of the plans for several external activities as well. Hence, from a practical point of view, deviations between the planned and realized schedules are to be avoided as much as possible. The term stability refers to this concern. We propose a proactive approach to generate efficient and stable schedules for a job shop subject to processing time variability and random machine breakdowns. In our approach, efficiency is measured by the makespan, and the stability measure is the sum of the variances of the realized completion times. Because the calculation of the original measure is mathematically intractable, we develop a surrogate stability measure. The version of the problem with the surrogate stability measure is proven to be NP‐hard, even without machine breakdowns; a branch‐and‐bound algorithm is developed for this problem variant. A tabu search algorithm is proposed to handle larger instances of the problem with machine breakdowns. The results of extensive computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms are quite promising in performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Using stochastic programming to solve an outpatient appointment scheduling problem with random service and arrival times

We study a stochastic outpatient appointment scheduling problem (SOASP) in which we need to design a schedule and an adaptive rescheduling (i.e., resequencing or declining) policy for a set of patients. Each patient has a known type and associated probability distributions of random service duration and random arrival time. Finding a provably optimal solution to this problem requires solving a multistage stochastic mixed‐integer program (MSMIP) with a schedule optimization problem solved at each stage, determining the optimal rescheduling policy over the various random service durations and arrival times. In recognition that this MSMIP is intractable, we first consider a two‐stage model (TSM) that relaxes the nonanticipativity constraints of MSMIP and so yields a lower bound. Second, we derive a set of valid inequalities to strengthen and improve the solvability of the TSM formulation. Third, we obtain an upper bound for the MSMIP by solving the TSM under the feasible (and easily implementable) appointment order (AO) policy, which requires that patients are served in the order of their scheduled appointments, independent of their actual arrival times. Fourth, we propose a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate the relative gap between the MSMIP upper and lower bounds. Finally, in a series of numerical experiments, we show that these two bounds are very close in a wide range of SOASP instances, demonstrating the near‐optimality of the AO policy. We also identify parameter settings that result in a large gap in between these two bounds. Accordingly, we propose an alternative policy based on neighbor‐swapping. We demonstrate that this alternative policy leads to a much tighter upper bound and significantly shrinks the gap.     

Stochastic scheduling subject to machine breakdowns: The preemptive‐repeat model with discounted reward and other criteria

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine subject to random breakdowns. We focus on the preemptive‐repeat model, which addresses the situation where, if a machine breaks down during the processing of a job, the work done on the job prior to the breakdown is lost and the job will have to be started from the beginning again when the machine resumes its work. We allow that (i) the uptimes and downtimes of the machine follow general probability distributions, (ii) the breakdown process of the machine depends upon the job being processed, (iii) the processing times of the jobs are random variables following arbitrary distributions, and (iv) after a breakdown, the processing time of a job may either remain a same but unknown amount, or be resampled according to its probability distribution. We first derive the optimal policy for a class of problems under the criterion to maximize the expected discounted reward earned from completing all jobs. The result is then applied to further obtain the optimal policies for other due date‐related criteria. We also discuss a method to compute the moments and probability distributions of job completion times by using their Laplace transforms, which can convert a general stochastic scheduling problem to its deterministic equivalent. The weighted squared flowtime problem and the maintenance checkup and repair problem are analyzed as applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Flow shop scheduling with earliness,tardiness, and intermediate inventory holding costs

We consider the problem of scheduling customer orders in a flow shop with the objective of minimizing the sum of tardiness, earliness (finished goods inventory holding), and intermediate (work‐in‐process) inventory holding costs. We formulate this problem as an integer program, and based on approximate solutions to two different, but closely related, Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulations, we develop heuristics to minimize the total cost. We exploit the duality between Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulation and Lagrangian relaxation to enhance our heuristics. This combined approach enables us to develop two different lower bounds on the optimal integer solution, together with intuitive approaches for obtaining near‐optimal feasible integer solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that applies column generation to a scheduling problem with different types of strongly ????‐hard pricing problems which are solved heuristically. The computational study demonstrates that our algorithms have a significant speed advantage over alternate methods, yield good lower bounds, and generate near‐optimal feasible integer solutions for problem instances with many machines and a realistically large number of jobs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

实时磁盘调度算法研究

总结分析了现阶段流行的实时磁盘调度算法,针对磁盘的存储特性,在对任务请求的磁盘访问时间精确预估的基础上,提出了一种新的调度算法-DSJIT(diskjustintime).该算法通过对请求文件在磁盘上分布的预分析得出处理请求所需时间的一个精确预估值,然后根据此预估值再对任务队列进行调度调整,它在保证应用程序对磁盘工作实时要求的同时,尽可能地提高磁盘的吞吐量.最后通过模拟试验,验证了算法的有效性.     

Scheduling with centralized and decentralized batching policies in concurrent open shops

This article considers batch scheduling with centralized and decentralized decisions. The context of our study is concurrent open shop scheduling where the jobs are to be processed on a set of independent dedicated machines, which process designated operations of the jobs in batches. The batching policy across the machines can be centralized or decentralized. We study such scheduling problems with the objectives of minimizing the maximum lateness, weighted number of tardy jobs, and total weighted completion time, when the job sequence is determined in advance. We present polynomial time dynamic programming algorithms for some cases of these problems and pseudo‐polynomial time algorithms for some problems that are NP‐hard in the ordinary sense. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 17–27, 2011